Cadence in Running: The Most Underrated Performance Lever

Many runners try to run faster by pushing harder.

But one of the most effective biomechanical adjustments requires no extra strength:

Adjusting cadence.

StrideCoach measures cadence using BiomechEngine™, developed by Beflex’s biomechanics research team, extracting dominant stride frequency from head-based motion signals captured by AirPods.

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What Is Cadence?

Cadence is the number of steps you take per minute (SPM).

Typical recreational runners:

• 155–170 SPM

Efficient distance runners:

• Often 170–185 SPM (pace dependent)

Cadence is not a magic number.
It is a mechanical control variable.

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Why Cadence Matters

Low cadence often leads to:

• Overstriding

• Increased braking force

• Higher vertical loading rate

• Longer ground contact time

Increasing cadence by just 5–10% has measurable biomechanical effects.

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Research Evidence

• Heiderscheit et al., 2011 – Increasing step rate by 10% reduced hip and knee joint loading.

• Lenhart et al., 2014 – Higher cadence reduced patellofemoral joint stress.

• Weyand et al., 2000 – Faster running speeds associated with greater force application in shorter contact times.

Small cadence adjustments can significantly reduce cumulative joint stress.

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How BiomechEngine™ Detects Cadence Using AirPods

AirPods contain:

• 3-axis accelerometer

• Gyroscope

• High-frequency motion sampling

BiomechEngine applies:

1. Stride cycle segmentation

2. Frequency-domain transformation (FFT)

3. Dominant gait frequency detection

4. Rhythm stability analysis

The head exhibits rhythmic oscillation synchronized with foot strikes.

By detecting the dominant periodic signal, BiomechEngine calculates precise step rate without foot pods or wrist dependency.

Unlike wrist devices, head-based sensing:

• Reduces arm swing variability

• Captures central rhythm stability

• Reflects whole-body coordination

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The Overstriding Problem

Low cadence often increases stride length beyond optimal mechanics.

This causes:

• Heel striking ahead of center of mass

• Increased braking impulse

• Greater impact spike

Increasing cadence slightly shortens stride length, often reducing impact loading.

This is one of the most evidence-supported gait modifications in running biomechanics.

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Cadence and Injury Prevention

Cadence adjustments have been used clinically in gait retraining programs.

Studies show:

• Reduced tibial loading

• Reduced knee joint stress

• Improved shock attenuation

Cadence is one of the few variables runners can change immediately.

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Cadence and Performance

Higher cadence (within an appropriate range):

• Reduces vertical oscillation

• Shortens ground contact time

• Improves rhythm efficiency

However, excessively high cadence may increase metabolic cost.

The goal is not maximal cadence.
It is optimal cadence relative to pace and morphology.

BiomechEngine tracks cadence trends, not isolated values.

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When Should You Pay Attention?

Monitor for:

• Persistently low cadence relative to pace

• Decreasing cadence under fatigue

• Low cadence combined with high impact

These patterns often correlate.

Cadence is a central node in running mechanics.

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The Bigger Picture

Runners often chase speed.

But cadence is a lever.

Small rhythm adjustments can:

• Reduce joint stress

• Improve efficiency

• Enhance consistency

BiomechEngine™ identifies cadence patterns and rhythm stability using only your AirPods.

No foot sensors.
No chest straps.

Just motion science applied intelligently.

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References

• Heiderscheit BC et al. (2011). Effects of step rate manipulation on joint mechanics.

• Lenhart RL et al. (2014). Increasing step rate reduces patellofemoral joint forces.

• Weyand PG et al. (2000). Faster top running speeds are achieved with greater ground forces.